Otis to design one-of-a-kind 100-passenger elevators.

Otis Elevator Company, a unit of United Technologies Corp. (NYSE:UTX), was selected to design and install one-of-a-kind glass elevators for Washington D.C.’s Newseum, the world’s first interactive museum of news. As part of the 21-unit contract, Otis will also provide six flat-belt machine-roomless Gen2® elevators.
“I am proud of the Otis engineers who designed this first-in-kind solution to meet the unique aesthetic, capacity and performance requirements of this project,” said Ari Bousbib, Otis president. “Otis is also delighted to showcase our patented, environment-friendly Gen2 technology for this landmark in our nation’s capital.”
Installed side by side along the east wall of its 90-foot atrium, Newseum’s three floor-to-ceiling glass-walled hydraulic elevators will create a bay window effect and offer visitors panoramic views of sights along Washington D.C.’s Pennsylvania Avenue. Each will travel 100 feet, nearly double the rise of conventional hydraulic elevators, and be capable of carrying 100 passengers. With cars 8 feet wide by 17 feet deep, the 18,000-pound elevators will be among the largest of their kind in the world.
“Otis is the only elevator manufacturer capable of stepping up to the challenge of this complex task,” said Nick Good, project manager for the general contractor, Turner Construction. “The hydraulic lift option was necessary to allow for the aesthetic advantage the architect had envisioned for the Newseum’s atrium elevators, and Otis has designed the best solution.”
Otis Elevator Company is the world's largest manufacturer and maintainer of people-moving products including elevators, escalators and moving walkways. With headquarters in Farmington, Connecticut, Otis employs 60,000 people worldwide, offers products and services in more than 200 countries and territories, and maintains 1.5 million elevators and escalators worldwide. United Technologies Corp., based in Hartford, Connecticut, is a diversified company providing high technology products and services to the building and aerospace industries.

The History of the Elevator.

Primitive elevators were in use as early as the 3rd century BC, operated by human, animal, or water wheel power. From about the middle of the 19th century, power elevators, often steam-operated, were used for conveying materials in factories, mines, and warehouses.
In 1853, American inventor Elisha Otis demonstrated a freight elevator equipped with a safety device to prevent falling in case a supporting cable should break. This increased public confidence in such devices. Otis established a company for manufacturing elevators and patented (1861) a steam elevator. In 1846, Sir William Armstrong introduced the hydraulic crane, and in the early 1870s, hydraulic machines began to replace the steam-powered elevator. The hydraulic elevator is supported by a heavy piston, moving in a cylinder, and operated by the water (or oil) pressure produced by pumps.
Electric elevators came into to use toward the end of the 19th century. The first one was built by the German inventor Werner von Siemens in 1880.
How Elevators Work
In a typical elevator, the car is raised and lowered by six to eight motor-driven wire ropes that are attached to the top of the car at one end, travel around a pair of sheaves, and are again attached to a counterweight at the other end.
The counterweight adds accelerating force when the elevator car is ascending and provides a retarding effort when the car is descending so that less motor horsepower is required. The counterweight is a collection of metal weights that is equal to the weight of the car containing about 45% of its rated load. A set of chains are looped from the bottom of the counterweight to the underside of the car to help maintain balance by offsetting the weight of the suspension ropes.
Guide rails that run the length of the shaft keep the car and counterweight from swaying or twisting during their travel. Rollers are attached to the car and the counterweight to provide smooth travel along the guide rails.
The traction to raise and lower the car comes from the friction of the wire ropes against the grooved sheaves. The main sheave is driven by an electric motor.
Most elevators use a direct current motor because its speed can be precisely controlled to allow smooth acceleration and deceleration. Motor-generator (M-G) sets typically provide to dc power for the drive motor. Newer systems use a static drive control. The elevator controls vary the motor's speed based on a set of feedback signals that indicate the car's position in the shaftway. As the car approaches its destination, a switch near the landing signals the controls to stop the car at floor level. Additional shaftway limit switches are installed to monitor overtravel conditions.

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